Incorporated in 1655, the town remained predominately agricultural until the mid-nineteenth century when a major mill complex was sited on the Concord River in North Billerica. Although a number of smaller industries grew up over the next 100 years, it wasn't until the 1950’s that the present day industrial base was established.
Billerica is home to companies such as American Science & Engineering Millipore, Nuvera Fuel Cells, and Viisage.
Billerica has numerous recreational areas including Warren-Manning State Forest, Billerica State Forest and Jones Forest. A golf course is located at the Country Club of Billerica.